Selasa, 28 September 2010

Nokia 2600 Classic

Desain Layar Keypad & Tombol User Interface Kamera Video Internet Pemutar Musik Games Konektivitas Messaging Video Call Baterai Kinerja Komentar Editor
Andalkan X-press on Cover Lagi
Nokia memberikan tambahan casing dalam paket penjualannya. Hal ini mengingatkan kita pada kisah sukses ponsel sejuta umat 5110 yang juga dibekali casing tambahan.
Lama ditanggalkan oleh Nokia, kini fasilitas x-press on cover kembali dikedepankan untuk satu ponsel anyarnya ini. Seri Nokia 2600 classic. Menyasar ponsel kelas bawah, Nokia tipe lama dengan tambahan identitas classic di belakangnya ini hadir sebagai ponsel penuh warna-warni. Casingnya saja disediakan oleh pabrikan asal Finlandia ini sebanyak empat buah, yang terdiri dari warna midnight blue, sunset orange, sandy gold, sky blue.
Selain menyediakan aneka pilihan warna casing, Nokia 2600 classic juga telah dibekali berbagai fitur, mulai dari kamera, internet, dan juga kapasitas penyimpanan memori telepon yang mencapai 1000 nama. Fasilitas kameranya, meski masih VGA namun tampil komplet dalam hal fiturnya. Kita bisa melakukan edit foto, mulai dari memotong, menyelipkan gambar lain, teks, dan juga menambahkan bingkai.
PORT
Di sebelah kanan badan ponsel terdapat tiga slot yang memiliki fungsi dan peruntukan masing-masing. Port bagian atas berguna untuk menghubungkan headset khususnya bila hendak mengaktifkan radio FM-nya. Port yang di tengah berupa slot untuk kabel koneksi ke komputer. Sedangkan port ketiga berupa slot untuk mencharger baterai dengan slot ukuran kecil.
Pengujian : Ketiga port tersebut berada sejajar di bagian samping ponsel. Dihubungkan ke komputer, melakukan charger, dan menyambungnya ke headset tidak ada kendala.
Nilai : 3,5
Catatan : Akan lebih baik bila ketiga port ini dijadikan satu, artinya satu slot untuk 3 fungsi.
AUDIO
Suara yang terdengar di ponsel ini cukup baik. Selain mendengarkan radio lewat headset, kita juga bisa membuat suaranya terdengar lewat speakernya yang cukup besar di bagian belakang. Kita bisa mengaktifkan loudspeakernya bila hendak mengaktifkan siaran radio untuk di sharing dengan orang sekitar. Syaratnya headset mesti tetap terhubung sebagai antena.
Pengujian : Untuk ponsel sekelasnya, audio 2600 classic ini cukup baik. Suara yang terdengar pun cukup jelas.
Nilai : 3,4
Catatan : Akan lebih baik bila disertai fitur stereo speaker.
KEYPAD
Cukup nyaman dalam mengoperasikan keypadnya. Jajaran keypadnya tampil normal dan tidak mengada-ada. Sehingga pengguna yang belum terbiasa dan belum pernah mengoperasikan ponsel nokia, tidak akan kesulitan untuk mengoperasikan ponsel ini.
Pengujian : Menjalankan semua tombol dengan menguji beberapa aplikasi terkait.
Nilai : 3,3
Catatan : Tombol angka 2 terlalu kecil dan sedikit rapat dengan tombol empat arah. Sehingga kadang kita salah pencet bila hendak memencet tombol yang juga berfungsi untuk mengetik huruf abc.
MESSAGING
Fasilitas SMS seri ini bisa diandalkan. Kapasitas 1000 karakter membuat penggunanya tidak perlu khawatir bila hendak menulis pesan panjang yang melebihi 160 karakter. Ponsel ini juga sidah dibekali email messaging untuk berkirim surat elektronik.
Pengujian : Berkirim sms hingga 700 karakter
Nilai : 3,2
Catatan : Pengiriman SMS melebihi 160 karakter, akan dikenakan biaya kelipatannya. Jadi buat Anda yang memiliki pulsa hanya cukup untuk berkirim sms sekali saja, tidak akan bisa berkirim sms melebihi karakter 160.
PIM
Terbilang komplet untuk fasilitas PIM. Ada calender, jam, catatan, alarm, kalkulator, timer, dan lainnya.
Pengujian : Pengoperasian menu-menu PIM
Nilai : 3,1
Catatan : Tidak dilengkapi dengan panduan jam dunia (world clock)
KAMERA
Masih menggunkan kamera VGA, tergolong lumayan untuk ponsel sekelasnya. Meskipun boleh dibilang kamera VGA sudah sangat usang dan ketinggalan jaman saat ini. Keunggulan fasilitas kameranya adalah telah dilengkapi berbagai fitur penunjang, salah satunya editing foto.
Pengujian : Pemotretan objek di luar dan dalam ruangan
Nilai : 3
Catatan : Tidak dilengkapi dengan flash dan video editing.
PHONE MEMORY
Keberadaan fasilitas kameranya berikut video recorder tidak didukung dengan memori besar. Hanya berbekal memori 10 Mb untuk memori user, benar-benar sangat minim. Kita mesti pandai-pandai mengatur memori agar tidak full.
Pengujian : Menyimpan 2 kali gambar hasil pemotretan dan menerima kiriman lagu.
Nilai : 3
Catatan : Tanpa didukung memori tambahan alias memori eksternal terasa sangat minim dan terbatas untuk menyimpan gambar apalagi video.
DESAIN
Tergolong cantik dan menarik. Balutan warna cerah pada casing nya membuat ponsle ini kelihatan mahal. Di bagian jajaran keypad tengahnya yang meliputi angka 2,5,8, dan 0 dibatasi dengan warna yang sesuai dengan warna casing berbentuk oval. Hal ini sangat menarik bila ponsel menyala.
Pengujian : menggenggam dan menyimpannya dalam saku
Nilai : 3
Catatan : Agak sedikit sulit buat yang tidak terbiasa saat membuka casing bagian belakang. Resikonya ponsel bisa jatuh.
LAYAR
Cukup lebar namun kurang tajam dalam pewarnaannya. Hal ini nampak saat kita menggunakan kamera dan merekam gambar, hasilnya kurang begitu tajam.
Pengujian : Mengabadikan gambar dengan kameranya
Nilai : 3
Catatan : Saat berada di bawah sinar apalagi di bawah terik matahari, warna benar-benar tidak nampak cerah sebagaimana di dalam ruangan.
VIDEO RECORDER
Untuk sekedar iseng, video recordernya bisa Anda coba. Fasilitas zoom-nya bisa difungsikan.
Pengujian : Merekam objek di redaksi selular
Nilai : 3
Catatan : Durasi perekaman hanya sebatas 10 detik.
INTERNET
Berselancar ke dunia maya dengan GPRS-nya termasuk lumayan. Bekal setting wizard-nya memudahkan pengguna dalam mengkoneksi internet. Apapun operator yang kita gunakan, kita tidak perlu melakukan setting ulang.
Pengujian : berjalan lancar.
Nilai : 2,6
Catatan : Layar kurang nyaman untuk berselancar ke dunia maya karena terlalu kecil.
VIDEO PLAYER
Sebenarnya bisa dibilang tidak ada fasilitas video player di seri ini. Namun untuk membaca sebuah file video berformat 3gpp, ponsel ini bisa memutarnya secara standar.
Pengujian : Memutar file berformat 3 gpp
Nilai ; 2,5
Catatan : Tidak ada menu khusus pemutar dan pengatur video player
KONEKTIVITAS
Ada dua fasilitas transfer data di ponsel ini. Selain bluetooth, kabel data juga sudah dibenamkan di seri ini. Caranya juga cukup mudah, kita bisa langsung mentransfer file dari dan ke ponsel lain setelah proses pairing bluetooth selesai. Sementara kabelnya bisa berfungsi sebagai PC Sync menggunakan software PC Suite Nokia.
Pengujian : Mentransfer file sebuah lagu berukuran 4,1 Mb.
Nilai ; 2,3
Catatan : Tidak ada infrared
Kinerja ;
Secara umum kinerja seri 2600 classic ini cukup baik. Untuk ponsel sekelasnya, tergolong mendekati rata-rata. Yang terlihat menonjol adalah slot koneksi yang cukup komplet.
Nokia 2600 classic : Skor 2,8
Kinerja Baterai
Data Vendor : Ponsel ini menggunakan baterai Li-Ion 870 mAh. Klaim vendor, waktu siaga sampai 580 jam dan waktu bicara 6 jam
Hasil pengujian
Dilakukan untuk mendengarkan radio seharian, indikasi baterai hanya berkurang 1 bar saja

Senin, 30 Agustus 2010

kota saya

:'''''Majalengka''' beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kota yang bernama sama, lihat [[Majalengka (kota)]]. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat [[Majalengka (disambiguasi)]].''
{{Dati2
| nama=Kabupaten Majalengka
| propinsi=[[Jawa Barat]]
| ibukota=[[Majalengka, Majalengka|Majalengka]]
| luas=1.204,24 km²
| penduduk=1.204.379 (2007)Jumlah penduduk Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2007 menurut BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat
| kepadatan=1.000
| kecamatan=23
| kelurahan=318 desa, 13 kelurahan
| kodearea=0233
| dau=Rp. 508,345.87(dlm juta rupiah)
| lambang=[[Berkas:Lambang Kabupaten Majalengka.jpeg|120px|Lambang Kabupaten Majalengka]]
| peta= [[Berkas:Locator kabupaten majalengka.png]]
| koordinat=
| dasar hukum=
| tanggal=
| motto=
| kepala daerah=[[Bupati]]
| nama kepala daerah=[[H. Sutrisno, SE., M.Si]]
| web=[http://www.majalengkakab.go.id/ www.majalengkakab.go.id]
}}

'''Kabupaten Majalengka''', adalah sebuah [[kabupaten]] di [[Provinsi]] [[Jawa Barat]], [[Indonesia]]. Ibukotanya adalah '''[[Majalengka, Majalengka|Majalengka]]'''. Kabupaten ini berbatasan dengan [[Kabupaten Indramayu]] di utara, [[Kabupaten Cirebon]] dan [[Kabupaten Kuningan]] di timur, [[Kabupaten Ciamis]] dan [[Kabupaten Tasikmalaya]] di selatan, serta [[Kabupaten Sumedang]] di barat.

Kabupaten Majalengka terdiri atas 23 [[kecamatan]], yang dibagi lagi atas sejumlah [[desa]] dan [[kelurahan]]. Pusat pemerintahan di Kecamatan [[Majalengka, Majalengka|Majalengka]]. Kantor Bupati terletak di [[Alun-alun]] Majalengka berdekatan dengan [[Masjid]] Agung Al Imam.

Selasa, 24 Agustus 2010

Past Perfect Tense

How do we make the Past Perfect Tense?

The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense past participle
had V3

For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?

When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I had I'd
you had you'd
he had
she had
it had he'd
she'd
it'd
we had we'd
they had they'd

WSM Image
The 'd contraction is also used for the auxiliary verb would. For example, we'd can mean:

* We had
or
* We would

But usually the main verb is in a different form, for example:

* We had arrived (past participle)
* We would arrive (base)

It is always clear from the context.

How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?

The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:

* The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

The train had left when we arrived.
past present future
Train leaves in past at 9am.
9 9.15

We arrive in past at 9.15am.

Look at some more examples:

* I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
* They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
* I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
* "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived."
"Really? Where had she gone?"

You can sometimes think of the past perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of the time being now the time is past.
past perfect tense present perfect tense
had |
done |
> | have |
done |
> |

past now future past now future

For example, imagine that you arrive at the station at 9.15am. The stationmaster says to you:

* "You are too late. The train has left."

Later, you tell your friends:

* "We were too late. The train had left."

We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:

Look at these examples:

* He told us that the train had left.
* I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
* He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain.
* I wondered if I had been there before.
* I asked them why they had not finished.

Past Continuous Tense

How do we make the Past Continuous Tense?

The structure of the past continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb BE + main verb
conjugated in simple past tense present participle
was
were base + ing

For negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past continuous tense:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I was watching TV.
+ You were working hard.
- He, she, it was not helping Mary.
- We were not joking.
? Were you being silly?
? Were they playing football?

How do we use the Past Continuous Tense?

The past continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the past. The action started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. For example, yesterday I watched a film on TV. The film started at 7pm and finished at 9pm.
At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV.
past present future
8pm
At 8pm, I was in the middle of watching TV.

When we use the past continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands what time we are talking about. Look at these examples:

* I was working at 10pm last night.
* They were not playing football at 9am this morning.
* What were you doing at 10pm last night?
* What were you doing when he arrived?
* She was cooking when I telephoned her.
* We were having dinner when it started to rain.
* Ram went home early because it was snowing.

WSM Image
Some verbs cannot be used in continuous/progressive tenses.

We often use the past continuous tense to "set the scene" in stories. We use it to describe the background situation at the moment when the action begins. Often, the story starts with the past continuous tense and then moves into the simple past tense. Here is an example:

" James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone box..."

Past Continuous Tense + Simple Past Tense

We often use the past continuous tense with the simple past tense. We use the past continuous tense to express a long action. And we use the simple past tense to express a short action that happens in the middle of the long action. We can join the two ideas with when or while.

In the following example, we have two actions:

1. long action (watching TV), expressed with past continuous tense
2. short action (telephoned), expressed with simple past tense

past present future
Long action.
I was watching TV at 8pm.
8pm

You telephoned at 8pm.
Short action.

We can join these two actions with when:

* I was watching TV when you telephoned.

(Notice that "when you telephoned" is also a way of defining the time [8pm].)

We use:

* when + short action (simple past tense)
* while + long action (past continuous tense)

There are four basic combinations:
I was walking past the car when it exploded.
When the car exploded I was walking past it.
The car exploded while I was walking past it.
While I was walking past the car it exploded.

Notice that the long action and short action are relative.

* "Watching TV" took a few hours. "Telephoned" took a few seconds.
* "Walking past the car" took a few seconds. "Exploded" took a few milliseconds.

Simple Past Tense

How do we make the Simple Past Tense?

To make the simple past tense, we use:

* past form only
or
* auxiliary did + base form

Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular verbs and regular verbs:
V1
base V2
past V3
past participle
regular verb work
explode
like worked
exploded
liked worked
exploded
liked The past form for all regular verbs ends in -ed.
irregular verb go
see
sing went
saw
sang gone
seen
sung The past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart.
You do not need the past participle form to make the simple past tense. It is shown here for completeness only.

The structure for positive sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + main verb
past

The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
did base

The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
did base

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look at these examples with the main verbs go and work:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I went to school.
You worked very hard.
- She did not go with me.
We did not work yesterday.
? Did you go to London?
Did they work at home?

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we do not use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:
subject main verb
+ I, he/she/it was here.
You, we, they were in London.
- I, he/she/it was not there.
You, we, they were not happy.
? Was I, he/she/it right?
Were you, we, they late?

How do we use the Simple Past Tense?

We use the simple past tense to talk about an action or a situation - an event - in the past. The event can be short or long.

Here are some short events with the simple past tense:
The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.
She went to the door.
We did not hear the telephone.
Did you see that car?
past present future

The action is in the past.

Here are some long events with the simple past tense:
I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.
The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.
We did not sing at the concert.
Did you watch TV last night?
past present future

The action is in the past.

Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few milliseconds (car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period). We use the simple past tense when:

* the event is in the past
* the event is completely finished
* we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event

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In general, if we say the time or place of the event, we must use the simple past tense; we cannot use the present perfect.

Here are some more examples:

* I lived in that house when I was young.
* He didn't like the movie.
* What did you eat for dinner?
* John drove to London on Monday.
* Mary did not go to work yesterday.
* Did you play tennis last week?
* I was at work yesterday.
* We were not late (for the train).
* Were you angry?

Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the simple past tense. We may use the past continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the simple past tense for the action. Look at this example of the beginning of a story:

"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The door opened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet, and ordered a drink at the bar. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his..."

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

I have been singing
How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb
have
has been base + ing

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:
subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I have been waiting for one hour.
+ You have been talking too much.
- It has not been raining.
- We have not been playing football.
? Have you been seeing her?
? Have they been doing their homework?
Contractions

When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
I have been I've been
You have been You've been
He has been
She has been
It has been
John has been
The car has been He's been
She's been
It's been
John's been
The car's been
We have been We've been
They have been They've been

Here are some examples:

* I've been reading.
* The car's been giving trouble.
* We've been playing tennis for two hours.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present or now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:
1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.
I'm tired because I've been running.
past present future
!!!
Recent action. Result now.

* I'm tired [now] because I've been running.
* Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
* You don't understand [now] because you haven't been listening.

2. An action continuing up to now

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.
I have been reading for 2 hours.
past present future

Action started in past. Action is continuing now.

* I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
* We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.]
* How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]
* We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

* We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
* We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for since
a period of time a point in past time

x
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

Here are some examples:

* I have been studying for 3 hours.
* I have been watching TV since 7pm.
* Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
* Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
* He has been playing football for a long time.
* He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

WSM Image
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Present Perfect Tense

How do we make the Present Perfect Tense?

The structure of the present perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
have past participle

Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I have seen ET.
+ You have eaten mine.
- She has not been to Rome.
- We have not played football.
? Have you finished?
? Have they done it?
Contractions with the present perfect tense

When we use the present perfect tense in speaking, we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this when we write.
WSM Image
He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:

* It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]
* It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]

It is usually clear from the context.

I have I've
You have You've
He has
She has
It has
John has
The car has He's
She's
It's
John's
The car's
We have We've
They have They've

Here are some examples:

* I've finished my work.
* John's seen ET.
* They've gone home.

How do we use the Present Perfect Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect tense. There is always a connection with the past and with the present. There are basically three uses for the present perfect tense:

1. experience
2. change
3. continuing situation

1. Present perfect tense for experience

We often use the present perfect tense to talk about experience from the past. We are not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it:
I have seen ET.
He has lived in Bangkok.
Have you been there?
We have never eaten caviar.
past present future
!!!
The action or state was in the past. In my head, I have a memory now.
Connection with past: the event was in the past.
Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it.
2. Present perfect tense for change

We also use the present perfect tense to talk about a change or new information:
I have bought a car.
past present future
- +
Last week I didn't have a car. Now I have a car.

John has broken his leg.
past present future
+ -
Yesterday John had a good leg. Now he has a bad leg.

Has the price gone up?
past present future
+ -
Was the price $1.50 yesterday? Is the price $1.70 today?

The police have arrested the killer.
past present future
- +
Yesterday the killer was free. Now he is in prison.
Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present.
Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past.

WSM Image
Americans do not use the present perfect tense so much as British speakers. Americans often use the past tense instead. An American might say "Did you have lunch?", where a British person would say "Have you had lunch?"
3. Present perfect tense for continuing situation

We often use the present perfect tense to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is a state (not an action). We usually use for or since with this structure.
I have worked here since June.
He has been ill for 2 days.
How long have you known Tara?
past present future


The situation started in the past. It continues up to now. (It will probably continue into the future.)
Connection with past: the situation started in the past.
Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

For & Since with Present Perfect Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

* We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
* We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for since
a period of time a point in past time
x------------
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

Here are some examples:

* I have been here for 20 minutes.
* I have been here since 9 o'clock.
* John hasn't called for 6 months.
* John hasn't called since February.
* He has worked in New York for a long time.
* He has worked in New York since he left school.

WSM Image
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.